JavaScript Variables and DataTypes

JavaScript DataTypes:

One of the most fundamental characteristics of a programming language is the set of data types it supports. These are the type of values that can be represented and manipulated in a programming language.

JavaScript allows you to work with three primitive data types:

• Numbers eg. 123, 120.50 etc.
• Strings of text e.g. "This text string" etc.
• Boolean e.g. true or false.

JavaScript also defines two trivial data types, null and undefined, each of which defines only a single value.

In addition to these primitive data types, JavaScript supports a composite data type known asobject. We will see an object detail in a separate chapter.

Note: Java does not make a distinction between integer values and floating-point values. All numbers in JavaScript are represented as floating-point values. JavaScript represents numbers using the 64-bit floating-point format defined by the IEEE 754 standard.

JavaScript Variables:

Like many other programming languages, JavaScript has variables. Variables can be thought of as named containers. You can place data into these containers and then refer to the data simply by naming the container.

Before you use a variable in a JavaScript program, you must declare it. Variables are declared with the var keyword as follows:

<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var money; var name; //--> </script>

You can also declare multiple variables with the same var keyword as follows:

<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var money, name; //--> </script>

Storing a value in a variable is called variable initialization. You can do variable initialization at the time of variable creation or later point in time when you need that variable as follows:

For instance, you might create a variable named money and assign the value 2000.50 to it later. For another variable you can assign a value the time of initialization as follows:

<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var name = "Ali"; var money; money = 2000.50; //--> </script>

Note: Use the var keyword only for declaration or initialization.once for the life of any variable name in a document. You should not re-declare same variable twice.

JavaScript is untyped language. This means that a JavaScript variable can hold a value of any data type. Unlike many other languages, you don't have to tell JavaScript during variable declaration what type of value the variable will hold. The value type of a variable can change during the execution of a program and JavaScript takes care of it automatically.

JavaScript Variable Scope:

The scope of a variable is the region of your program in which it is defined. JavaScript variable will have only two scopes.

• Global Variables: A global variable has global scope which means it is defined everywhere in your JavaScript code.
• Local Variables: A local variable will be visible only within a function where it is defined. Function parameters are always local to that function.

Within the body of a function, a local variable takes precedence over a global variable with the same name. If you declare a local variable or function parameter with the same name as a global variable, you effectively hide the global variable. Following example explains it:

<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var myVar = "global"; // Declare a global variable function checkscope( ) { var myVar = "local"; // Declare a local variable document.write(myVar); } //--> </script>

This produces the following result:

local

JavaScript Variable Names:

While naming your variables in JavaScript keep following rules in mind.

• You should not use any of the JavaScript reserved keyword as variable name. These keywords are mentioned in the next section. For example, break or boolean variable names are not valid.
• JavaScript variable names should not start with a numeral (0-9). They must begin with a letter or the underscore character. For example, 123test is an invalid variable name but_123test is a valid one.
• JavaScript variable names are case sensitive. For example, Name and name are two different variables.

JavaScript Reserved Words:

The following are reserved words in JavaScript. They cannot be used as JavaScript variables, functions, methods, loop labels, or any object names.

abstract boolean break byte case catch char class const continue debugger default delete do double

else enum export extends false final finally float for function goto if implements import in

instanceof int interface long native new null package private protected public return short static super

switch synchronized this throw throws transient true try typeof var void volatile while with